The Effect of Compression Ratio and Alternative Fuels on Performance and Exhaust Emission in a Diesel Engine by Modelling Engine

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of compression ratio and different fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a 6.8L turbocharged industrial diesel engine. For carried out this work, a 6 cylinder four stroke engine with gamma technologies power software is modelled and the effect of compression ratio (15:1 - 19:1) and alternative fuels (Diesel, Ethanol, Methanol, Decane, Soybean biodiesel, Diesel- Ethanol) at wide open throttle and various speeds from 800-2400 rpm are presented. The results indicate that the brake specific fuel consumptions of decane fuel at a compression ratio of 17:1 is lower than those of other fuels and also the maximum brake torque obtained with decane fuel at 1400 rpm. At this engine observed that decane fuel has higher brake power as compared to other fuels used due to higher heating value content. The emission results show that diesel fuel emitted more Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide emissions but soybean biodiesel (B100) has less Carbon monoxide, whereas highest oxides of nitrogen is founded with soybean biodiesel. Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide emissions are very close to each other when used decane and diesel fuel. In general decane fuel has higher performance and soybean biodiesel had fewer emissions at a compression ratio of 17:1.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] D. Laforgia, V. Ardito, Biodiesel fueled IDI engines: performances, emissions and heat release investigation, Bioresource technology, 51(1) (1995) 53-59.
[2] O. Nwafor, Emission characteristics of diesel engine operating on rapeseed methyl ester, Renewable Energy, 29(1) (2004) 119-129.
[3] S.K. Hoekman, C. Robbins, Review of the effects of biodiesel on NOx emissions, Fuel Processing Technology, 96 (2012) 237-249.
[4] K.C. Pandey, Investigations on use of soybean oil as a substitute fuel for diesel engines, IIT, Kharagpur, 2005.
[5] R.A. Bakar, S. Ismail, A.R. Ismail, Fuel injection pressure effect on performance of direct injection diesel engines based on experiment, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(3) (2008) 197-202.
[6] F.W. Mahmood, S. Abdullah, H.Y. Ali, Theoretical study of the effect of hydrogen addition to natural gas-fueled direct-injection engines, Iranian Journal of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell, 1 (2014).
[7] A. Kakaee, M. Shojaeefard, J. Zareei, Sensitivity and effect of ignition timing on the performance of a spark ignition engine: an experimental and modeling study, Journal of Combustion, 2011 (2011).
[8] F. Qin, A. Shah, Z.-w. Huang, L.-n. Peng, P. Tunestal, X.-S. Bai, Detailed numerical simulation of transient mixing and combustion of premixed methane/air mixtures in a pre-chamber/main-chamber system relevant to internal combustion engines, Combustion and Flame, 188 (2018) 357-366.
[9] J.P. Bhasker, E. Porpatham, Effects of compression ratio and hydrogen addition on lean combustion characteristics and emission formation in a Compressed Natural Gas fuelled spark ignition engine, Fuel, 208 (2017) 260-270.
[10] C. Sayin, M. Gumus, Impact of compression ratio and injection parameters on the performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-blended diesel fuel, Applied thermal engineering, 31(16) (2011) 3182-3188.
[11] K. Muralidharan, D. Vasudevan, Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends, Applied energy, 88(11) (2011) 3959-3968.
[12]S. Jindal, B. Nandwana, N. Rathore, V. Vashistha, Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha methyl ester, Applied Thermal Engineering, 30(5) (2010) 442-448.
[13]N. Kumar, S.L. Soni, D. Sharma, A.K. Srivastava, Performance Evaluation And Emission Analysis Of Variable Compression Ratio Direct Injection Diesel Engine, MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2) (2016).
[14] C. Sayin, M.K. Balki, Effect of compression ratio on the emission, performance and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine fueled with iso-butanol/gasoline blends, Energy, 82 (2015) 550-555.
[15] R. Hosmath, N. Banapurmath, S. Khandal, V. Gaitonde, Y. Basavarajappa, V. Yaliwal, Effect of compression ratio, CNG flow rate and injection timing on the performance of dual fuel engine operated on honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and compressed natural gas (CNG), Renewable Energy, 93 (2016) 579-590.
[16] H. Sanli, M. Canakci, E. Alptekin, A. Turkcan, A. Ozsezen, Effects of waste frying oil based methyl and ethyl ester biodiesel fuels on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine, Fuel, 159 (2015) 179-187.
[17] M.S. Graboski, R.L. McCormick, Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines, Progress in energy and combustion science, 24(2) (1998) 125-164.
[18] V. Makareviciene, P. Janulis, Environmental effect of rapeseed oil ethyl ester, Renewable energy, 28(15) (2003) 2395-2403.
[19] S. Puhan, N. Vedaraman, G. Sankaranarayanan, B.V.B. Ram, Performance and emission study of Mahua oil (Madhuca indica oil) ethyl ester in a 4-stroke natural aspirated direct injection diesel engine, Renewable energy, 30(8) (2005) 1269-1278.
[20] K. Ravi, J.P. Bhasker, E. Porpatham, Effect of compression ratio and hydrogen addition on part throttle performance of a LPG fuelled lean burn spark ignition engine, Fuel, 205 (2017) 71-79.
[21] R. Sathiyamoorthi, G. Sankaranarayanan, The effects of using ethanol as additive on the combustion and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with neat lemongrass oil-diesel fuel blend, Renewable Energy, 101 (2017) 747-756.
[22] R. Papagiannakis, S. Krishnan, D. Rakopoulos, K. Srinivasan, C. Rakopoulos, A combined experimental and theoretical study of diesel fuel injection timing and gaseous fuel/diesel mass ratio effects on the performance and emissions of natural gas-diesel HDDI engine operating at various loads, Fuel, 202 (2017) 675-687.
[23] N. Kumar, S.L. Soni, D. Sharma, A.K. Srivastava, Performance Evaluation And Emission Analysis Of Variable Compression Ratio Direct Injection Diesel Engine, MATTER: International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2) (2016).
[24] C.R. Ferguson, A.T. Kirkpatrick, Internal combustion engines: applied thermosciences, John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
[25] G. Coskun, U. Demir, H.S. Soyhan, A. Turkcan, A.N. Ozsezen, M. Canakci, An experimental and modeling study to investigate effects of different injection parameters on a direct injection HCCI combustion fueled with ethanol–gasoline fuel blends, Fuel, 215 (2018) 879- 891. 
[26] D. Barik, S. Murugan, S. Samal, N. Sivaram, Combined effect of compression ratio and diethyl ether (DEE) port injection on performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with upgraded biogas (UBG)-biodiesel dual fuel, Fuel, 209 (2017) 339-349.
[27] K.D. Choudhary, A. Nayyar, M. Dasgupta, Effect of compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of CI Engine operated with acetylene in conjunction with diesel fuel, Fuel, 214 (2018) 489-496.
[28] R.D. Reitz, G. Duraisamy, Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 46 (2015) 12-71.
[29] T. Prakash, V.E. Geo, L.J. Martin, B. Nagalingam, Effect of ternary blends of bio-ethanol, diesel and castor oil on performance, emission and combustion in a CI engine, Renewable Energy, 122 (2018) 301-309.
[30] Y. Noorollahi, M. Azadbakht, B. Ghobadian, The effect of different diesterol (diesel–biodiesel–ethanol) blends on small air-cooled diesel engine performance and its exhaust gases, Energy, 142 (2018) 196-200.
[31] S. Ramalingam, S. Rajendran, P. Ganesan, M. Govindasamy, Effect of operating parameters and antioxidant additives with biodiesels to improve the performance and reducing the emissions in a compression ignition engine–A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81 (2018) 775-788.
[32] J. Hirkude, V. Belokar, J. Randhir, Effect of Compression Ratio, Injection Pressure and Injection Timing on Performance and Smoke Emissions of CI engine Fuelled with Waste Fried Oil Methyl Esters-Diesel Blend, Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1) (2018) 1563-1570.
[33] M. Krishnamoorthi, R. Malayalamurthi, Availability analysis, performance, combustion and emission behavior of bael oil-diesel-diethyl ether blends in a variable compression ratio diesel engine, Renewable Energy, 119 (2018) 235-252.
[34] GTI. GT-ISE User’s manual – Vers. 6.1. 601 Oakmont lane, Suite 220, Westmont, IL, USA: Gamma Technologies Inc.; 2004.
[35] M. Kamil, M. Rahman, R.A. Bakar, An integrated model for predicting engine friction losses in internal combustion engines, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 9(1) (2014) 1695-1708.
[36] G. technologies, GT-Power fuel library, in: GT-Suite (Ed.), 2016.
[37] J. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988. Print.
[38] G. technologies, Engine performance application manual, in, Gt-Suite, 2016.
[39] H.d. service, engine, in: J. Deere (Ed.), www.hooverdiesel.com, 2018.
[40] V. Arul Mozhi Selvan, R. Anand, M. Udayakumar, Combustion characteristics of diesohol using biodiesel as an additive in a direct injection compression ignition engine under various compression ratios, Energy & Fuels, 23(11) (2009) 5413-5422.
[41] D.A. Eaton, PyRAD: assembly of de novo RADseq loci for phylogenetic analyses, Bioinformatics, 30(13) (2014) 1844-1849.
[42] C.T. Kelley, Iterative methods for optimization, Siam, 1999.
[43] R.V. Hogg, J. Ledolter, Engineering statistics, Macmillan Pub Co, 1987.
[44] K.D. Choudhary, A. Nayyar, M. Dasgupta, Effect of compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of CI Engine operated with acetylene in conjunction with diesel fuel, Fuel, 214 (2018) 489-496.
[45] E. Mitchell, A. Lea-Langton, J. Jones, A. Williams, P. Layden, R. Johnson, The impact of fuel properties on the emissions from the combustion of biomass and other solid fuels in a fixed bed domestic stove, Fuel Processing Technology, 142 (2016) 115-123.