Amirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Recent Developments in Carbon based and Graphene based Thermal Interface Materials: A Review255268597110.22060/ajme.2026.24363.6196ENAmol RadhakisanDhumalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, SPPU, Pune-411037, India0009-0005-1948-7263AtulKulkarniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, SPPU, Pune-411037, India0000-0002-6452-6349NitinAmbhoreDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, SPPU, Pune-411037, India0000-0001-8468-8057Journal Article20250707This review presents a comprehensive and critical evaluation of carbon-based and graphene-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) for advanced thermal management in electronic systems. Conventional TIMs typically exhibit thermal conductivities in the range of 0.1–10 W/m·K, limiting their effectiveness in high-power and miniaturized devices. In contrast, carbon-based TIMs demonstrate significantly enhanced performance, with carbon nanotube (CNT) composites achieving 8–12 W/m·K and graphene-based composites reaching up to 23.2 W/m·K at 60 wt% loading. We provide a detailed comparative analysis of CNT and graphene architectures, emphasizing their exceptional intrinsic thermal conductivities (~3000 W/m·K for CNTs and ~5000 W/m·K for graphene) and addressing practical challenges such as interfacial resistance, dispersion uniformity, and large-scale integration. The review synthesizes fabrication strategies, performance trends, and application-specific considerations, while outlining future directions including hybrid architectures, eco-friendly formulations, and cost-effective, scalable manufacturing techniques. By integrating quantitative comparisons and identifying critical research gaps, this work offers a roadmap for next-generation TIM development aimed at a high-power electronics, telecommunications, and computing systems, where efficient thermal management is essential for reliability, energy efficiency, and long-term operational performance.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5971_73983c01982794632e0270cd0006d407.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701The novel analytical model of low-temperature hydrogen/oxygen reactor on platinum catalytic surface in different micro-porous mediums269296589810.22060/ajme.2025.24784.6229ENSaeedehSisbanMechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranSeyed AbouzarFanaeeMechanical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranJournal Article20250921This paper presents a comprehensive parametric analysis concentrated to the design of a novel low temperature hydrogen porous micro-reactor. The main important of this work is optimizing the water production process by a complete parametric description. In the analytical solution of this problem, the velocity profile is first determined by solving the momentum equation, and this result is then used in the energy and mass concentration equations to obtain thermal and mass parameters. The solution is achieved through a non-asymptotic solution that concurrently incorporates both mathematical and physical aspects, taking into account the matching conditions . Maximum variation of Nusselt number in the width of microchannel is observed for the alumina porous medium, with values of 58.70% and 67.69% respectively with 95% and 90% porosities. The rate of hydrogen to water conversion in alumina media is approximately 41% faster than titanium oxide and 67% faster than silicon carbide. The maximum variation of Sherwood number in the width of microchannel is observed for the silicon carbide porous medium, with values of 58.33% and 50.13% respectively with 95% and 90% porosities. As the porosity coefficients increase from 85% to 95% the variation rates of fluid and solid phase temperature is decreased from 78.01% to 45.09% and 65.92% to 35.09%. the porosity coefficient, the rate of hydrogen to water conversion is increased from 43.01 to 75.05%.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5898_eecccd8ff4107946c78d42265cd474b5.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Experimental Investigation of Enhanced Shroud Flange Designs for Improved Urban Wind Turbine Performance in Low-Wind Conditions297318593910.22060/ajme.2026.23926.6167ENAliNiknahadDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, IranAbdolamirBak-khoshnevisDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran0000-0002-6643-5459MortezaAbdolzadehDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kerman Graduate University of Technology, Kerman, IranJournal Article20250224The growing demand for sustainable energy highlights the need for efficient small-scale wind turbines, especially in urban areas with low wind speeds and limited space. This study experimentally examines aerodynamic augmentation effects on turbine performance using shrouds and tailored flanges. Four turbine configurations—a bare turbine, a turbine with a simple shroud, a shroud with a vertical flange, and a shroud with an improved curved flange—were 3D printed and tested in a controlled wind tunnel under realistic low- to moderate-speed urban wind conditions. Airflow velocity at the shroud throat and corresponding power output were measured across various wind speeds. Results show that both flange curvature and height significantly affect aerodynamic performance. The curved-flange design consistently increased throat velocity and turbine output, achieving up to a 32.3-fold power gain over the bare turbine at 5 m/s. At higher wind speeds, differences among augmented configurations decreased, yet the improved curved flange still delivered approximately 4.3 times the output of the bare turbine at 16.35 m/s. These findings emphasize the importance of outlet geometry in lowering startup thresholds, sustaining airflow acceleration, and maximizing energy capture. Overall, this study provides robust experimental evidence that shrouds with improved curved flanges significantly enhance small-scale urban wind turbine efficiency, offering a practical solution for low-wind energy harvesting and guiding future designs for improved performance across diverse wind regimes.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5939_8a88d5f412f2ad376f8597d28cbd3720.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Experimental And Numerical Analysis of Strain Rate Dependent Mechanical Behaviour of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Printed Parts319336594010.22060/ajme.2026.24645.6217ENZulqarnain MukhtarMahmoodDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, ItalyHamzaMalikDepartment of Engineering Science, Pakistan Navy Engineering College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Karachi, PakistanZeeshanKhursheedDepartment of Engineering Science, Pakistan Navy Engineering College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Karachi, PakistanMuhammadAsifDepartment of Engineering Science, Pakistan Navy Engineering College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Karachi, PakistanSyed Asad AliZaidiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia0000-0001-5457-5684Journal Article20250829Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, has emerged as one of the most widely utilized materials in fused deposition modeling (FDM) due to its printability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Despite its popularity, PLA parts fabricated by FDM often suffer from reduced mechanical reliability as a result of anisotropy and processing variability. This study presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation into the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of FDM-printed PLA components, with particular emphasis on the influence of build orientation, raster angle, and infill pattern on tensile performance. ASTM D638 Type-V dog-bone specimens were fabricated using Ender 3 Pro and Xplorer 3D printers and tested at strain rates of 2 mm/s, 5 mm/s, and 10 mm/s on a Universal Testing Machine. Results revealed that tensile strength increases significantly with higher strain rates, showing improvements of up to 115%, though at the expense of ductility. Among orientations, on-edge samples exhibited the highest strength of 32.3 MPa, while raster angles aligned with the loading axis enhanced stress transfer and stiffness. Infill geometry further influenced energy absorption, with concentric patterns outperforming hexagonal arrangements. Numerical simulations conducted in Ansys and Abaqus correlated well with experimental findings, validating stress–strain responses and failure trends. The combined insights demonstrate the critical role of process parameters in tailoring the mechanical properties of FDM-printed PLA parts.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5940_c17028c9b6e0c5deaad29665d582284a.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Investigation of Effective Parameters in Elliptical Spiral Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion Utilizing the Taguchi Process for Optimal Design337352594110.22060/ajme.2026.25026.6243ENMostafaBalaliMechanical Engineering Department, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran0009-0006-6194-4832Journal Article20251102This research investigates the effective input parameters of the Elliptical Cross-Section Spiral Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion (ECSEE) method and selects the optimal performance. The influential parameters in the ECSEE method are considered as input factors in the experimental design, which are expressed in three parameters: punch speed, sample annealing, and the number of extrusion passes. Subsequently, a Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) table was created for each input parameter according to its variation range. After designing the experiments, the output results of forming force and plastic strain for each level were obtained using experimental tests. The optimization of the input values was investigated based on the S/N ratio criterion ("the smaller the better" for forming force and "the larger the better" for plastic strain). The obtained results indicated that the optimal test level in the ECSEE method for achieving the minimum forming force is using a punch speed of 6 or 9 mm/min, sample annealing at 300°C for 120 minutes, and 2 extrusion passes. Furthermore, to achieve the maximum plastic strain, the optimal parameters are a punch speed of 9 mm/min, sample annealing at 200°C for 120 minutes, and 6 extrusion passes.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5941_e0b60d939b4a80628dfd66b1e0bb65fa.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Nonlinear Free Vibration Optimization of 2D Tri-axial Braided Composite Fan Blade via ANN, Analytical, FEM, and GA Combined Approach353378597410.22060/ajme.2026.25311.6264ENMortazaSalehianDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0009-0004-1439-3260Hamid RezaOvesyDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1508-5786HadiDabiryanDepartment of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251220This research aims to enhance the hardening behavior of a non-rotating 2D tri-axial braided composite (2DTBC) fan blade, through investigating the backbone curve characteristics. This enhancement raises the blade’s natural frequencies at large oscillation amplitudes, thereby delaying the onset of resonance. A combination of different methods has been employed, including an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), an analytical method, the finite element method (FEM), and a single-objective genetic algorithm (GA). The ANN was used to establish the relationship between the braiding machine parameters and the structural characteristics of the braided fabric. Micromechanical modeling was utilized to determine the mechanical properties of the braided composite. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the nonlinear free vibration partial differential equations of the composite blade shell were derived using Hamilton's principle. The FEM was employed to solve the differential equations and obtain the corresponding backbone curves. Finally, a single-objective genetic algorithm was deployed to optimize the braided composite structure in order to increase the hardening behavior of the blade. The obtained results demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the hardening behavior has increased by a factor of 6.8 compared to the non-optimized case.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5974_7e1cacfb27da22fb243ff2debf4443a0.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Experimental analysis of milled groove conformal cooling in injection molding379388597910.22060/ajme.2026.24709.6224ENMahesh SShindeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, VilasraoDeshmukh Foundation Group of Institutions, Latur-413531, Maharashtra, IndiaDnyaneshwar SMalwadDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s College of Engineering, Pune- 411001, Maharashtra, IndiaSandeepKakadeDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, VilasraoDeshmukh Foundation Group of Institutions, Latur-413531, Maharashtra, IndiaJournal Article20250908Conformal cooling channels have been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional cooling channels. The objective of this paper is to introduce a novel method of producing milled groove conformal cooling channels (MGCCC) for injection molding using hard tooling. An experimental investigation was carried out by comparing the conventional cooling channel approach with CCC to optimize the cooling time. The study focuses on a specific case study of an "enclosure part" from a medium-scale industry(Mold Craft Engineers Pvt. Ltd. in Pune). The injection mold tools for this part used straight drilled cooling channels, which resulted in uneven cooling and longer cooling times. The milled groove CCC was designed to improve the cooling time and reduce cycle time, to conform to the shape of the cavity. The fabrication of the mold with CCC was performed using CNC machining. Milled grooves were sealed with a fitted plate and O-rings to prevent leakage. Temperature measurements were recorded using RTDs embedded near the cavity surface under controlled molding conditions. The experimental analysis, which involved temperature measurement of the molded part during the injection molding process, revealed that the mold with milled groove CCC exhibited shorter cooling times than the mold with straight cooling channels. Cooling time was reduced by 73.33% compared to the conventional cooling system.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5979_6d7d394c9d0c886e9247542e06ebb705.pdfAmirkabir University of TechnologyAUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering2588-293710320260701Nonlinear free oscillation of imperfect FG porous stiffened open conical panels resting on an elastic foundation under thermal conditions389416599310.22060/ajme.2026.25070.6247ENVahidEslamdoustFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranHabibAhmadiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranJournal Article20251109This research investigates the nonlinear free oscillation analysis of imperfect, functionally graded, porous, stiffened, open conical panels resting on an elastic foundation under thermal conditions. To establish the governing nonlinear dynamic equations, the classical shell theory, the nonlinear von Kármán assumptions, and Hamilton’s principle are employed. Due to the use of the multiple scales method (MSM), the equations of motion must be rewritten in dimensionless form; therefore, the dimensionless parameters are introduced. The Galerkin approach is utilized to discretize the dimensionless partial differential equations (PDEs). By neglecting in-plane inertias and solving the resulting algebraic relations, the discretized system reduces to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Based on this final nonlinear ODE, the linear frequencies are extracted, and the numerical results are validated with previous studies for different geometries. Furthermore, the MSM is employed to determine the nonlinear frequency relationship. Finally, the effects of geometrical variations, material properties, imperfections, and foundation effects are investigated. The reported outcomes highlight the importance of imperfect FG-porous stiffened conical panels to multiple parameters, providing valuable insights into their vibration behavior under simply supported conditions.https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_5993_32e0bd1497aa43e02a42f47d9d6515ad.pdf