ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Simplified Description of the Uniaxial Tensile Test Used for Calibrating Constitutive Models of Orthotropic Porous Sheet Metals
In the present work, a simplified model of the uniaxial tensile test is developed for orthotropic metallic sheets. This model is mainly established for tensile test analysis and calibration of material parameters. The constitutive equations included in the model are based on an anisotropic Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model combined with the Hill 1948 quadratic yield criterion. At first, a detailed description of the constitutive equations along with their computer implementation is presented. Then, by comparing the force and void evolution diagrams predicted by the model with numerical and experimental results the efficiency and accuracy of the model are assessed. Finally, the effect of different parameters on the traction force and evolution of voids during uniaxial tensile tests are studied. The material parameters used in the calibration procedure are as follows: initial void volume fraction, two adjusting parameters, nucleation of void volume fraction, standard deviation, mean value of void nucleation strain, and sample orientation with respect to the rolling direction. The tests performed by the authors prove the capability of the simplified model to describe accurately the mechanical response of orthotropic sheet metals.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2947_5b0c30b698d97458219c18ffe383bc8b.pdf
2018-12-01
127
136
10.22060/ajme.2018.13862.5693
Gurson Damage Model
Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman
Tensile Test
Parameter Calibration
Anisotropy
A.
Kami
akami@semnan.ac.ir
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.-S.
Comsa
dscomsa@tcm.utcluj.ro
2
CERTETA Research Centre, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
AUTHOR
[1] C. Tipper, The fracture of metals, Metallurgia, 39(231) (1949) 133-137.
1
[2] K. Puttick, Ductile fracture in metals, Philos. Mag., 4(44) (1959) 964-969.
2
[3] F.A. McClintock, A criterion for ductile fracture by the growth of holes, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 35(2) (1968) 363-371.
3
[4] J.R. Rice, D.M. Tracey, On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 17(3) (1969) 201-217.
4
[5] A.L. Gurson, Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth Part I-Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 99(1) (1977) 2-15.
5
[6] V. Tvergaard, Influence of voids on shear band instabilities under plane strain conditions, Int J Fracture, 17(4) (1981) 389-407.
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[7] V. Tvergaard, A. Needleman, Analysis of the cup-cone fracture in a round tensile bar, Acta Metall., 32(1) (1984) 157-169.
7
[8] K. Nahshon, J.W. Hutchinson, Modification of the Gurson model for shear failure, European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, 27(1) (2008) 1-17.
8
[9] A. Kami, B.M. Dariani, A. Sadough Vanini, D.S. Comsa, D. Banabic, Numerical determination of the forming limit curves of anisotropic sheet metals using GTN damage model, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 216(0) (2015) 472-483.
9
[10] Z. Chen, X. Dong, The GTN damage model based on Hill’48 anisotropic yield criterion and its application in sheet metal forming, Comp Mater Sci, 44(3) (2009) 1013-1021.
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[11] M. Abendroth, M. Kuna, Identification of ductile damage and fracture parameters from the small punch test using neural networks, Eng Fract Mech, 73(6) (2006) 710-725.
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[12] G. Broggiato, F. Campana, L. Cortese, Identification of material damage model parameters: an inverse approach using digital image processing, Meccanica, 42(1) (2007) 9-17.
12
[13] A. Kami, B. Mollaei Dariani, D.-S. Comsa, D. Banabic, A. Sadough Vanini, M. Liewald, Calibration of GTN damage model parameters using hydraulic bulge test, Rom. J. Techn. Sci. Appl. Mechanics, 61(3) (2016) 248-264
13
[14] H.H. Nguyen, T.N. Nguyen, H.C. Vu, Ductile fracture prediction and forming assessment of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheets, Int J Fracture, 209(1) (2018) 143-162.
14
[15] M. Abbasi, M.A. Shafaat, M. Ketabchi, D.F. Haghshenas, M. Abbasi, Application of the GTN model to predict the forming limit diagram of IF-Steel, J Mech Sci Technol, 26(2) (2012) 345-352.
15
[16] A. Kami, B. Mollaei Dariani, A. Sadough Vanini, D.-S. Comsa, D. Banabic, Application of a GTN Damage Model to Predict the Fracture of Metallic Sheets Subjected to Deep-Drawing, Proc Rom Acad Ser A, 15(3) (2014) 300-309.
16
[17] R. Hill, A theory of the yielding and plastic flow of anisotropic metals, Proc R Soc Lond A-Math Phys Eng Sci, 193(1033) (1948) 281-297.
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[18] R. Kiran, K. Khandelwal, Gurson model parameters for ductile fracture simulation in ASTM A992 steels, Fatigue Fract Eng M, 37(2) (2013) 1-13.
18
[19] N. Benseddiq, A. Imad, A ductile fracture analysis using a local damage model, Int J Pres Ves Pip, 85(4) (2008) 219-227.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Accuracy Residual Stress Measurement by Incremental Ring-Core Method
In this study, the calibration constants of incremental step method have been determined by finite element analysis to calculate the residual stresses by the ring-core method. The calibration coefficients have been determined by simulation the uniaxial and biaxial loading. It is indicated that the loading approach has not effect on the calibration constants and they are unique. The uniaxial condition has been used to determine the calibration coefficients in the experimental method. To verify the determined constants, the calibration factors have been used to calculate the residual stresses in the case of uniform and non-uniform residual stresses. The axial and biaxial conditions have been studied and the results are in good accordance with applied stresses in simulations. In the uniaxial loading the measured residual stresses in finite element model completely accommodated by the applied stresses and presented formula and calibration constants determined the direction of the maximum principal stress by clearance less than 0.7%. Clearance of the measures stresses and applied stresses in the non-uniform case was about 1 %. An experimental test has been used to show the effectiveness of the obtained calibration coefficient by finite element analysis. Also, it is indicated that the results of the experimental test are satisfactory.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2957_c06609e0b8c991dba857ca33c9fef8ab.pdf
2018-12-01
137
148
10.22060/ajme.2018.13954.5697
Residual stress
Ring-Core
Calibration Coefficients
incremental method
M. A.
Moazam
ma.moazam@grad.kashanu.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Honarpisheh
honarpishe@kashanu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] European Standard, prEN 13674-1, Railway Applications-Track-Rail , Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above, Nov. 2002.
1
[2] M. Sedighi, M. Honarpisheh, Experimental study of through-depth residual stress in explosive welded Al–Cu–Al multilayer, Materials & Design 37 (2012) 577-581.
2
[3] M. Sedighi, M. Honarpisheh, Investigation of cold rolling influence on near surface residual stress distribution in explosive welded multilayer, Strength of Materials 44(6) (2012), 693-698.
3
[4] M. Honarpisheh, E. Haghighat, M. Kotobi, Investigation of residual stress and mechanical properties of equal channel angular rolled St12 strips, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications (2016) https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420716652436.
4
[5] M. Kotobi, M. Honarpisheh, Uncertainty analysis of residual stresses measured by slitting method in equal-channel angular rolled Al-1060 strips, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 52(2) (2017), 83-92.
5
[6] M. Kotobi, M. Honarpisheh, Experimental and numerical investigation of through-thickness residual stress of laser-bent Ti samples, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 52(6) (2017) 347-355.
6
[7] M. Kotobi, M. Honarpisheh,Through-depth residual stress measurement of laser bent steel–titanium bimetal sheets, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53(3) (2018) 130-140.
7
[8] I. Alinaghian, M. Honarpisheh, S. Amini, The influence of bending mode ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding of Al-6061-T6 alloy on residual stress, welding force and macrostructure, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 95 (5-8) (2018) 2757-2766.
8
[9] I. Alinaghian, S. Amini, M. Honarpisheh, Residual stress, tensile strength, and macrostructure investigations on ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding of AA 6061-T6, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53(7) (2018) 494-503.
9
[10] ASTM E837 − 13a. Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method, (2013).
10
[11] M. Barsanti, M. Beghini,C. Santus, A. Benincasa,L. Bertelli, Integral method coefficients and regularization procedure for the ring-core residual stress measurement technique, Advanced Materials Research 996 (2014) 331-336.
11
[12] M. A. Moazam, M. Honarpisheh, Residual Stresses Measurement in UIC 60 Rail by Ring-Core Method and Sectioning Technique, Amirkabir Journal of Science & Research Mechanical Engineering 2(1) ( 2017) 99-106.
12
[13] F. Mendaa, P. Šarga, T. Lipták, F. Trebuna, Comparison of different simulation approaches in ring-core method, American Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2(7) (2014) 258-261.
13
[14] A. Misra, H. A. Peterson, Examination of the ring method for determination of residual stresses, Experimental Mechanics 21(7) (1981) 268-272.
14
[15] S. Keil, Experimental determination of residual stresses with the ring-core method and an on line measuring, Experimental Technique 16(5) (1992) 17-24.
15
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16
[17] A. Civin, M. Vlk, Analysis of Calibration Coefficients for Incremental Strain Method Used for Residual Stress Measurement by Ring-Core Method, Applied Mechanics (2010) 25–28.
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[18] K.P. Milbradt, Ring-method Determination of Residual Stresses, Proc. SESA Sw’ng Meeting, Cleveland (1950) 63- 74.
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[19] Tokyo Sokki KenkyujoCo, Ltd., TML Strain gage cataloge, Accessed on 1 Aguest 2016; http://www.tml.jp/e.
19
[20] A. Civin, M. Vlk, Determination of principal residual stresses’ directions by incremental strain method, Applied and Computational Mechanics 5 (2011) 5–14.
20
[21] A. Ajovalasit, G. Petrucci,B. Zuccarello, Determination of nonuniform residual stresses using the Ring-Core method, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118( 2) (1996) 224-228.
21
[22] M. Barsanti, M. Beghini, C. Santus, A. Benincasa, L. Bertelli, Integral method coefficients for the ring-core technique to evaluate non-uniform residual stresses, The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53(4) (2018) 210-224.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Investigations of Static and Fatigue Crack Growth in Sandwich Structures with Foam Core and Fiber-Metal Laminates Face Sheets
Debonding of face-core interface is the most important damage mechanisms which make loss of structural integrity in sandwich structures. In this paper, mode-I and mode-II fracture of face-core interface in sandwich structures have been investigated under both static and fatigue loadings. The considered sandwich structures contain of different face sheet fiber-metal laminates and the core material is polyvinyl chloride foam. Several specimens are fabricated and the experiments are carried out to find the effects of initial debonding location and various fiber-metal laminate face sheets on the fracture toughness under static and fatigue loadings. Double cantilever beam specimens are used for mode-I and end notch flexure specimens for mode-II loading conditions. The resistance strength curves are plotted for mode-I and mode-II under static loading to find the instability point which is the border of stable and unstable crack growth and determine the critical crack length too. The strain energy release rates of mode-I and mode-II are also obtained for fatigue loading to investigate the resistance against damage evolution. Also, the global damage parameter is defined for both static and fatigue loading which is the combination of all damage mechanisms occurred in sandwich structures. Finally, the more efficient layup configurations under static and fatigue loadings among the investigated layups are introduced in mode-I and mode-II fracture conditions separately.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2956_f78de60ccfc792ec5234e5f21974a42c.pdf
2018-12-01
149
164
10.22060/ajme.2018.14222.5714
Sandwich structure
Fiber-metal laminate
Foam core
End notch flexure
Double cantilever beam
F.
Mazaheri
aero.famato@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Hosseini-Toudeshky
hosseini@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] J. Rodríguez-González, A. May-Pat, F. Avilés, A beam specimen to measure the face/core fracture toughness of sandwich materials under a tearing loading mode, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 79 (2014) 84-94.
1
[2] A.A. Saeid, S.L. Donaldson, Experimental and finite element evaluations of debonding in composite sandwich structure with core thickness variations, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(9) (2016) 1687814016667418.
2
[3] A. Nazari, H. Hosseini-Toudeshky, M. Kabir, Experimental investigations on the sandwich composite beams and panels with elastomeric foam core, Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, (2017) 1099636217701093.
3
[4] A. Nazari, M. Kabir, H. Hosseini Toudeshky, Investigation of elastomeric foam response applied as core for composite sandwich beams through progressive failure of the beams, Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, (2017) 1099636217697496.
4
[5] A. Nazari, M. Kabir, H. Hosseini-Toudeshky, Y. Alizadeh Vaghasloo, S. Najafian, Investigation of progressive failure in the composite sandwich panels with elastomeric foam core under concentrated loading, Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, (2017)
5
1099636217719424.
6
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7
[7] F. Mazaheri, H. Hosseini‐Toudeshky, Low‐cycle fatigue delamination initiation and propagation in fibre metal laminates, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 38(6) (2015) 641-660.
8
[8] H. Plokker, S. Khan, R. Alderliesten, R. Benedictus, Fatigue crack growth in fibre metal laminates under selective variable‐amplitude loading, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 32(3) (2009) 233-248.
9
[9] P.-Y. Chang, J.-M. Yang, Modeling of fatigue crack growth in notched fiber metal laminates, International Journal of Fatigue, 30(12) (2008) 2165-2174.
10
[10] P.Y. Chang, J.M. Yang, H.-s. Seo, H. Hahn, Off‐axis fatigue cracking behaviour in notched fibre metal laminates, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 30(12) (2007) 1158-1171.
11
[11] H.Z. Jishi, R. Umer, W.J. Cantwell, Skin‐core debonding in resin‐infused sandwich structures, Polymer Composites, 37(10) (2016) 2974-2981.
12
[12] G. Martakos, J. Andreasen, C. Berggreen, O. Thomsen, Experimental investigation of interfacial crack arrest in sandwich beams subjected to fatigue loading using a novel crack arresting device, Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 0(0) (2017) 1099636217695057.
13
[13] Z.T. Kier, A.M. Waas, Determining Effective Interface Fracture Properties of 3D Fiber Reinforced Foam Core Sandwich Structures, in: 57th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.
14
[14] A. Patra, N. Mitra, Interface fracture of sandwich composites: Influence of MWCNT sonicated epoxy resin, Composites Science and Technology, 101 (2014) 94-101.
15
[15] L.A. Carlsson, G.A. Kardomateas, Structural and failure mechanics of sandwich composites, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.
16
[16] F. Mazaheri, H. Hosseini-Toudeshky, Experimental Investigations on Fracture Toughness of Sandwich Beams with Foam Core and FML face sheets, in: 11Th International Conference on Composite Science and Technology, Sharjeh, UAE, 2017.
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[17] F. Aviles, L. Carlsson, Analysis of the sandwich DCB specimen for debond characterization, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75(2) (2008) 153-168.
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[18] Y. Hirose, G. Matsubara, M. Hojo, H. Matsuda, F. Inamura, Evaluation of mode I crack suppression method for foam core sandwich panel with fracture toughness test and analyses, in: Proc. Mechanical Engineering Congress, 2006, pp. 171-172.
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[19] V. Rizov, Mixed-mode I/III fracture study of sandwich beams, Cogent Engineering, 2(1) (2015) 993528.
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[20] A. Quispitupa, C. Berggreen, L.A. Carlsson, Face/core interface fracture characterization of mixed mode bending sandwich specimens, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 34(11) (2011) 839-853.
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[21] R. Shenoi, S. Clark, H. Allen, Fatigue behaviour of polymer composite sandwich beams, Journal of Composite Materials, 29(18) (1995) 2423-2445.
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[22] M. Burman, D. Zenkert, Fatigue of foam core sandwich beams—1: undamaged specimens, International journal of fatigue, 19(7) (1997) 551-561.
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[23] N. Kulkarni, H. Mahfuz, S. Jeelani, L.A. Carlsson, Fatigue crack growth and life prediction of foam core sandwich composites under flexural loading, Composite Structures, 59(4) (2003) 499-505.
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[24] K. Kanny, H. Mahfuz, Flexural fatigue characteristics of sandwich structures at different loading frequencies, Composite Structures, 67(4) (2005) 403-410.
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[25] A. Bezazi, A. El Mahi, J.-M. Berthelot, B. Bezzazi, Experimental analysis of behavior and damage of sandwich composite materials in three-point bending. Part 1. Static tests and stiffness degradation at failure studies, Strength of materials, 39(2) (2007) 170-177.
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[26] D. Zenkert, M. Burman, Failure mode shifts during constant amplitude fatigue loading of GFRP/foam core sandwich beams, International Journal of Fatigue, 33(2) (2011) 217-222.
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[27] F. Yang, Q. Lin, J. Jiang, Experimental study on fatigue failure and damage of sandwich structure with PMI foam core, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 38(4) (2015) 456-465.
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[29] A. Shipsha, M. Burman, D. Zenkert, Interfacial fatigue crack growth in foam core sandwich structures, Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures, 22(2) (1999) 123-131.
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[30] A. Shipsha, M. Burman, D. Zenkert, On mode I fatigue crack growth in foam core materials for sandwich structures, Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 2(2) (2000) 103-116.
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[39] D. Lefebvre, B. Ahn, D. Dillard, J. Dillard, The effect of surface treatments on interfacial fatigue crack initiation in aluminum/epoxy bonds, International journal of fracture, 114(2) (2002) 191-202.
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42
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43
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49
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pertinence of Sheep Knee Joint for Calibration of Ligaments’ Constitutive Equations; Experimental and Theoretical Study
The knee joint is one of the most complex joints in human body because of its complex geometry and articulations. On the other hand, due to many practical constraints for studying the anatomy and biomechanics of the human knee, in vivo and in vitro animal models have been widely used. Based on this fact, an objective comparison of the sheep samples especially from mechanical behavior point of view is needed. Therefore, a purpose of the present study is to evaluate priority of usage of sheep specimens via comparing the biomechanical differences of normal ligaments between sheep and human. To this end, some experimental tensile tests have been done on the different knee ligaments of sheep including hyperelastic behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and lateral collateral ligament. So, an objective comparison of the sheep and human samples has been done. Furthermore, the magnitude of material constants of different hyperelastic constitutive equations including 3rd order Ogden, Yeoh and Fung–Demiray models, as well as the maximum experienced stress by the knee ligaments have been considered.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2888_ccc0f7ba6013ce47a0634fcfa1e02597.pdf
2018-12-01
165
176
10.22060/ajme.2018.13821.5322
Sheep ligament
Knee joint
Constitutive equation
Isotropic hyperelastic
Biomechanics
M.
Asgari
asgari@kntu.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Rashedi
behrad.rashedi@kntu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] M. Majewski, H. Susanne, S. Klaus, Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study, Knee, 13(3) (2006) 184-188.
1
[2] H. Haapasalo, J. Parkkari, P. Kannus, A. Natri, M. Järvinen, Knee injuries in leisure-time physical activities: A prospective one-year follow-up of a finnish population cohort, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(1) (2007) 72-77.
2
[3] Y. Gijssen, I.N. Sierevelt, J.G.M. Kooloos, L. Blankevoort, Stiffness of the healing medial collateral ligament of the mouse, Connective Tissue Research, 45(3) (2004) 190-195.
3
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[5] V.M. Goldberg, A. Burstein, M. Dawson, The influence of an experimental immune synovitis on the failure mode and strength of the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A, 64(6) (1982) 900-906.
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[6] A. Viidik, Elasticity and Tensile Strength of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Rabbits as Influenced by Training, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 74(3) (1968) 372-380.
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[7] S.D. Abramowitch, C.D. Papageorgiou, R.E. Debski, T.D. Clineff, S.L.Y. Woo, A biomechanical and histological evaluation of the structure and function of the healing medial collateral ligament in a goat model, Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 11(3) (2003) 155-162.
7
[8] N.M. Germscheid, G.M. Thornton, D.A. Hart, K.A. Hildebrand, A biomechanical assessment to evaluate breed differences in normal porcine medial collateral ligaments, Journal of Biomechanics, 44(4) (2011) 725-731.
8
[9] F.R. Noyes, E.S. Grood, The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans and rhesus monkeys: Age related and species related changes, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A, 58(8) (1976) 1074-1082.
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[10] W.G. Clancy Jr, R.G. Narechania, T.D. Rosenberg, J.G. Gmeiner, D.D. Wisnefske, T.A. Lange, Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rhesus monkeys. A histological, microangiographic, and biomechanical analysis, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A, 63(8) (1981) 1270-1284.
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12
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surface Stress Effect on Nonlinear Instability of Imperfect Piezoelectric Nanoshells under Combination of Hydrostatic Pressure and Lateral Electric Field
In this paper, the nonlinear instability of piezoelectric cylindrical nanoshells under the combined radial compression and electrical load including the effects of surface free energy is studied. To consider the surface effects, the Gurtin-Murdoch elasticity theory is utilized along with the classical shell theory to develop an efficient size-dependent shell model. To satisfy the balance conditions on the surfaces of nanoshells, a linear variation of normal stress is assumed through the thickness of the bulk. Electrical field is also exerted along the transverse direction. Based on the virtual work principle, the size-dependent nonlinear governing differential equations are derived in which transverse displacement and Airy stress function are considered as independent variables. After that, a boundary layer theory is used incorporating the surface free energy effects in conjunction with the nonlinear prebuckling deformation, the large deflections in the postbuckling regime, and the initial geometrical imperfection. Finally, a two-stepped singular perturbation technique is employed to obtain the size-dependent critical buckling pressure and the associated postbuckling equilibrium path for alternative electrical loadings. It is revealed that the electrical load increases or decreases the critical buckling pressure and critical end-shortening of nanoshell which depends on the sign of applied voltage. Moreover, it is found that by taking surface free energy effects into account, the influence of electrical load on the postbuckling behavior of nanoshell increases.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2788_c846e569e5245c51b4c71ab526ee491c.pdf
2018-12-01
177
190
10.22060/ajme.2018.13624.5687
Nanomechanics
Piezoelectric material
Nonlinear buckling
Size effect
Surface elasticity theory
S.
Sahmani
sahmani@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mohammadi Aghdam
aghdam@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Island of Montreal, Canada
AUTHOR
A.
Akbarzadeh
hamidakbarzadeh@mcgill.ca
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
AUTHOR
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[15] M. Aydogdu, M. Arda. Torsional vibration analysis of double walled carbon nanotubes using nonlocal elasticity. International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, 12 (2016) 71-84.
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[16] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Size dependency in axial postbuckling behavior of hybrid FGM exponential shear deformable nanoshells based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. Composite Structures, 166 (2017) 104-113.
16
[17] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Nonlinear instability of hydrostatic pressurized hybrid FGM exponential shear deformable nanoshells based on nonlocal continuum elasticity. Composites Part B: Engineering, 114 (2017) 404-417.
17
[18] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Temperature-dependent nonlocal instability of hybrid FGM exponential shear deformable nanoshells including imperfection sensitivity. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 122 (2017) 129-142.
18
[19] M. Mohammadimehr, H. Mohammadi Hooyeh, H. Afshari, M.R. Salarkia. Free vibration analysis of double-bonded isotropic piezoelectric Timoshenko microbeam based on strain gradient and surface stress elasticity theories under initial stress using differential quadrature method. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 24 (2017) 1142022.
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[20] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Nonlinear vibrations of pre- and post-buckled lipid supramolecular micro/nano-tubules via nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory. Journal of Biomechanics, 65 (2017) 49-60.
20
[21] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Nonlocal strain gradient beam model for postbuckling and associated vibrational response of lipid supramolecular protein micro/nano-tubules. Mathematical Biosciences, 295 (2018) 24-35.
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[22] L. Lu, X. Guo, J. Zhao. Size-dependent vibration analysis of nanobeams based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory. International Journal of Engineering Science, 116 (2017) 12-24.
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[23] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Size-dependent nonlinear bending of micro/nano-beams made of nanoporous biomaterials including a refined truncated cube cell. Physics Letters A, 381 (2017) 3818-3830.
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[24] S. El-Borgi, P. Rajendran, M.I. Friswell, M. Trabelssi, J.N. Reddy. Torsional vibration of size-dependent viscoelastic rods using nonlocal strain and velocity gradient theory. Composite Structures, 186 (2018) 274-292.
24
[25] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam. Nonlocal strain gradient shell model for axial buckling and postbuckling analysis of magneto-electro-elastic composite nanoshells. Composites Part B: Engineering, 132 (2018) 258-274.
25
[26] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam, T. Rabczuk. Nonlinear bending of functionally graded porous micro/nano-beams reinforced with graphene platelets based upon nonlocal strain gradient theory. Composite Structures, 186 (2018) 68-78.
26
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59
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60
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66
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nonlinear Free Vibration of Buckled Size-Dependent Functionally Graded Nanobeams Using Homotopy Perturbation Method
The present study aims at investigating nonlinear free vibration of thermally buckled functionally graded nanobeam. The nonlocal nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory as well as linear eigenmodes of a functionally graded nanobeam vibrating around the first buckling configuration are employed to derive a system of ordinary differential equations via the Galerkin method. Semi-analytical solutions are obtained based on both the homotopy perturbation method and the variational iteration method. Results show that the difference between nonlinear and linear frequencies increases with a rise in the maximum lateral initial deflection, small scale parameter value, and index of the power law. Investigating the effect of the ratio of length to thickness on the variance between the nonlinear and linear frequencies shows that the aspect ratio makes no difference on the classical ratio of nonlinear to linear frequencies although the difference between the nonlocal nonlinear and linear frequencies decreases with a rise in the aspect ratio. In contrast to the ratio of the first nonlinear frequency to the first linear one which will decrease if compressive axial load increases, the values of the compressive axial load which are beyond the load bearing capacity of the functionally graded nanobeam do not affect the ratio of the second nonlinear to linear frequencies.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2787_c8ee3f05d9471a2c9926f1d2b0a17147.pdf
2018-12-01
191
206
10.22060/ajme.2018.13562.5669
nonlinear vibration
Buckled functionally graded nanobeam
Homotopy Perturbation Method
Variational iteration method
S.
Ziaee
ziaee@yu.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. A.
Mohammadi
mohammadi@yu.ac.ir
2
Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] A.S. Kanani, H. Niknam, A.R. Ohadi, M.M. Aghdam, Effect of nonlinear elastic foundation on large amplitude free and forced vibration of functionally graded beam. Composite Structures, 115(2014) 115:60-68.
1
[2] M. Simsek, H.H. Yurtcu, Analytical solutions for bending and buckling of functionally graded nanobeams based on the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory. Composite Structures, 97 (2013) 378-386.
2
[3] J. Lei, Y. He, B. Zhang, Z. Gan, P. Zeng, Bending and vibration of functionally graded sinusoidal microbeams based on the strain gradient elasticity theory. International Journal of Engineering Science, 72 (2013) 36-52.
3
[4] H. Askes, E.C. Aifantis, Gradient elasticity in statics and dynamics: An overview of formulations, length scale identification procedures, finite element implementations and new results. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 48 (2011),1962-1990.
4
[5] R. Ansari, R. Gholami, S. Sahmani, Free vibration analysis of size-dependent functionally graded microbeams based on the strain gradient Timoshenko beam theory. Composite Structures, 94 (2011) 221-228.
5
[6] R. Ansari, R. Gholami, M. Faghih Shojaei, V. Mohammadi, S. Sahmani, Size-dependent bending, buckling and free vibration of functionally graded Timoshenko microbeams based on the most general strain gradient theory. Composite Structures, 100 (2013) 385-397
6
[7] A.R. Setoodeh, S. Afrahim, Nonlinear dynamic analysis of FG micro-pipes conveying fluid based on strain gradient theory. Composite Structures. 116 (2014) 128–135.
7
[8] A. Ghorbani Shenas, S. Ziaee, P. Malekzadeh, Nonlinear vibration analysis of pre-twisted functionally graded microbeams in thermal environment. Thin-Walled Structures,118 (2017) 87-104.
8
[9] A. Ghorbanpour Arani, M. Abdollahian, R. Kolahchi, Nonlinear vibration of a nanobeam elastically bonded with a piezoelectric nanobeam via strain gradient theory. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 100 (2015) 32-40.
9
[10] J.N. Reddy, Microstructure-dependent couple stress theories of functionally graded beams. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 59 (2011) 2382-2399.
10
[11] A. Arbind, J.N. Reddy, Nonlinear analysis of functionally graded microstructure-dependent beams. Composite Structures, 98 (2013) 272-281.
11
[12] M.A. Eltaher, A. Khairy, A.M. Sadoun, F.A. Omar, Static and buckling analysis of functionally graded Timoshenko nanobeams. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 229 (2014) 283–295.
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17
[18] R. Nazemnezhad, Sh. Hosseini-Hashemi, Nonlocal nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded nanobeams. Composite Structures, 110 (2014) 192-199.
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[19] O. Rahmani, O. Pedram, Analysis and modeling the size effect on vibration of functionally graded nanobeams based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory. International Journal of Engineering Science, 77 ( 2014) 55–70.
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[20] H. Niknam, M.M. Aghdam, A semi analytical approach for large amplitude free vibration and buckling of nonlocal FG beams resting on elastic foundation. Composite Structures, 119 (2015)452-462.
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[21] K. Kiani, Longitudinal and transverse instability of moving nanoscale beam-like structures made of functionally graded materials. Composite Structures, 107 (2014) 610-619.
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[22] S. Ziaee, Small scale effect on linear vibration of buckled size-dependent FG nanobeam. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 6 (2015) 587-598.
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[23] F. Ebrahimi, E. Salari, Size-dependent free flexural vibrational behavior of functionally graded nanobeams using semi-analytical differential transform method. Composites Part B: Engineering, 79 (2015) 156-169.
23
[24] F. Ebrahimi, E. Salari, Thermal buckling and free vibration analysis of size dependent Timoshenko FG nanobeams in thermal environments. Composite Structures, 128 (2015) 363-380.
24
[25] F. Ebrahimi, E. Salari, Thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of nonlocal temperature-dependent FG nanobeams with various boundary conditions. Composites Part B: Engineering, 78 (2015) 272-290.
25
[26] F. Ebrahimi, E. Salari, Nonlocal thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of functionally graded nanobeams in thermal environment. Acta Astronautica, 113 (2015) 29-50.
26
[27] A. Ghorbanpour Arani, V. Atabakhshian, A. Loghman, A.R. Shajari, S. Amir, Nonlinear vibration of embedded SWBNNTs based on nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory using DQ method. Physica B, 407 (2012) 2549–2555.
27
[28] M. Trabelssi, S. El-Borgi, L.L. Ke, J.N. Reddy, Nonlocal free vibration of graded nanobeams resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation using DQM and LaDQM. Composite Structures, 176 (2017) 736-747.
28
[29] Z. Lv, H. Liu, Uncertainty modeling for vibration and buckling behaviors of functionally graded nanobeams in thermal environment. Composite Structures, 184 (2018) 1165-1176.
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[30] Sh. Hosseini-Hashemi, R. Nazemnezhad, M. Bedroud, Surface effects on nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded nanobeams using nonlocal elasticity. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38 (2014)3538-3553.
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[31] Y.W. Zhang, J. Chen, W. Zeng, Y.Y. Teng, B. Fang, J. Zang, Surface and thermal effects of the flexural wave propagation of piezoelectric functionally graded nanobeam using nonlocal elasticity. Computational Materials Science, 97 (2015)222-226.
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[32] M.R. Barati, On nonlinear vibrations of flexoelectric nanobeams. International Journal of Engineering Science, 112(2017) 143–153.
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[37] X.P. Sun, Y.Z. Hong, H.L. Dai, L. Wang, Nonlinear frequency analysis of buckled nanobeams in the presence of longitudinal magnetic field. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 30 (2017) 465-473.
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[38] S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam, Nonlocal strain gradient beam model for nonlinear vibration of prebuckled and postbuckled multilayer functionally graded GPLRC nanobeams. Composite Structures, 179 (2017) 77-88.
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[41] A. Fallah, M.M. Aghdam, Nonlinear free vibration and post-buckling analysis of functionally graded beams on nonlinear elastic foundation. European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 30 (2011) 571-583.
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fault Analysis of Complex Systems via Dynamic Bayesian Network
Nowadays, several components and systems are designed and produced based on reliability. Since the reliability criterion has an important role in purchasing and implementation of these systems. In the design of a reliable system, fault and failure analysis must be carried out in order to reduce fault probability of the system. When dependency and the relation between components of a complex system are important and should be mentioned, determination of system reliability is very difficult. In this paper, dynamic fault tree is used to evaluate the systems reliability that their behavior is varied with time. Dynamic fault tree is constructed and then it converted to dynamic bayesian network. In this paper, the principle of dynamic fault tree gates and their mapping into dynamic bayesian are explained and some new relations between events and gates for this mapping are proposed. GeNIe package is used to determine dynamic bayesian network based on stochastic sampling algorithms. Four systems (cardiac assist system, hypothetical cascaded priority-and system, inertial navigation system/ global positioning system integrated, and emergency detection system) are investigated; reliability and fault probability of these systems are calculated. Comparison of the results with those obtained by other researches shows the proposed method effectiveness for systems reliability modeling and assessment via dynamic bayesian network.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2890_683e67ed01d410d3f5a65848540d46c7.pdf
2018-12-01
207
216
10.22060/ajme.2018.13711.5692
Dynamic fault tree
Dynamic bayesian network
Dynamic system
Reliability
M. A.
Farsi
farsi@ari.ac.ir
1
Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of science, research and technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Farsi, M. A. Principle of Reliability Engineering, Simay Danish, Publication, Tehran, 2015 (in Persion).
1
[2] Shin, Seung Ki, and Poong Hyun Seong. Review of various dynamic modeling methods and development of an intuitive modeling method for dynamic systems, Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 40(5) (2008) 375-386.
2
[3] F. Salehpour, M. Pourgol-Mohammad, Fault Diagnosis Improvement Using Dynamic Fault Model in Optimal Sensor Placement; A Case Study of Steam Turbine, Journal of Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 33 (3) (2017) 531–541.
3
[4] Marquez, David, Martin Neil, and Norman Fenton,Solving dynamic fault trees using a new hybrid Bayesian network inference algorithm, In 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, (2008) 609-614.
4
[5] Bobbio, Andrea, Luigi Portinale, Michele Minichino, and Ester Ciancamerla. Improving the analysis of dependable systems by mapping fault trees into Bayesian networks, Reliability Engineering & System Safety,71 (3) (2001) 249-260.
5
[6] Murphy K. Dynamic Bayesian Networks: Representation, Inference, and Learning, Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Computer Science, UC Berkeley, 2002.
6
[7] NASA, Fault tree handbook with aerospace applications. Office of safety and mission assurance NASA headquarters, 2002.
7
[8] Sullivan, Kevin J., J.Bechta Dugan, and David Coppit, The Galileo fault tree analysis tool, Twenty-Ninth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, (1999) 232-235.
8
[9] Varuttamaseni, Athi, Bayesian network representing system dynamics in risk analysis of nuclear systems, Ph.D. diss., Idaho National Laboratory, 2011.
9
[10] Tchangani, Ayeley, and Daniel Noyes. Modeling dynamic reliability using dynamic Bayesian networks, Journal Européen des systems automatisés, 40 (8) (2006) 911-935.
10
[11] Zhou, Zhen, Jin Biao Zhang, De Zhong Ma, Yong Qin, and Bo Zhang. Gear Transmission Fault Tree Analysis Based on Bayesian Network, Advanced Materials Research, 499 (2012) 482-486.
11
[12] Boudali, Hichem, and J. Bechta Dugan. A continuous time Bayesian network reliability modeling, and analysis framework. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 55 (1) (2006) 86-97.
12
[13] Duan, Rongxing, and Jinghui Fan. Reliability Evaluation of Data Communication System Based on Dynamic Fault Tree under Epistemic Uncertainty, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, (2014) 1-9.
13
[14] Khakzad, Nima, Faisal Khan, and Paul Amyotte. Riskbased design of process systems using discrete-time Bayesian networks, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 109 (2013) 5-17.
14
[15] Weber, Philippe, Gabriela Medina-Oliva, Christophe Simon, and Benoît Iung. Overview on Bayesian networks applications for dependability, risk analysis, and maintenance areas, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 25 (4) (2012) 671-682.
15
[16] Przytula, K. Wojtek, and Richard Milford. An efficient framework for the conversion of fault trees to diagnostic Bayesian network models., In IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2006.
16
[17] Zandbergen, PF Th, H. Boudali, M. I. A. Stoelinga, and Ir AFE Belinfante, A Bayesian network reliability software tool, Master thesis, University of Twente, 2008.
17
[18] Li Y-F, Huang H-Z, Liu Y, Zhu S-P, Xiao N-C. A novel dynamic fault tree analysis method, Proceedings of International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering, china, 2013.
18
[19] Montani, Stefania, Luigi Portinale, Andrea Bobbio, and D. Codetta-Raiteri. Radyban: A tool for reliability analysis of dynamic fault trees through conversion into dynamic Bayesian networks. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 93 (7) (2008) 922-932.
19
[20] Montani, Stefania, Luigi Portinale, Andrea Bobbio, and D. Codetta-Raiteri.: The RADYBAN Tool, Reliability Analysis with Dynamic Bayesian Network, Info Workshop, Pisa, July 7-9, 2010.
20
[21] Boudali, Hichem, and Joanne Bechta Dugan, A discrete-time Bayesian network reliability modeling and analysis framework, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 87(3) (2005) 337-349.
21
[22] Gulati, Rohit, and J. Bechta Dugan. A modular approach for analyzing static and dynamic fault trees. In IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, USA, 1997 57-63.
22
[23] Song, Hua, Hong-Yue Zhang, and C. W. Chan. C Fuzzy fault tree analysis based on T–S model with application to INS/GPS navigation system, Soft Computing, 13 (1) (2009) 31-40.
23
[24] Najdafi M., Farsi, M. A., Evaluation of DFT using Monte Carlo simulation, In Annual ISME conference Proceeding, Iran, 2015.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nonlinear Aerothermoelastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Rectangular Plates Subjected to Hypersonic Airflow Loadings
In this study, the aerothermoelastic behavior of functionally graded plates under hypersonic airflow is investigated. The classical plate theory based on both mid-surface and the neutral surface position is used to model the structural treatment. Also, Von Karman strain-displacement relations are utilized to involve the structural nonlinearity. To consider the applied hypersonic aerodynamic loads, nonlinear (third-order) piston theory is employed to model unsteady aerodynamic pressure in hypersonic flow regime. Material properties of the functionally graded panel is assumed to be temperature dependent and altered in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution. The generalized differential quadrature method is used to transfer the governing partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation. The onset of flutter instability, the stability boundaries, and the time response analysis of a functionally graded plate are determined by applying the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Moreover, the effect of some important parameters such as Mach number, in-plane thermal load, plate thickness ratio, and volume fraction index on the plate aerothermoelastic behavior is examined. Comparison of the obtained results with the available results in the literature confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach to analyzing aerothermoelastic behavior of functionally graded plates in hypersonic flow.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2786_e55ac8ceb319684b14b1bc9cd0589768.pdf
2018-12-01
217
232
10.22060/ajme.2018.12712.5407
Differential quadrature method
Aerothermoelastic
Functionally graded material
Hypersonic airflow
V.
Khalafi
v.kh@aut.ac.ir
1
Aerospace Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Shahverdi
h_shahverdi@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Noori
s_noori@aut.ac.ir
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Y. Miyamoto, W.A. Kaysser, B.H. Rabin, A. Kawasaki, R.G. Ford, Functionally Graded Materials: Design, Processing and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publisher,Boston, MA, 1999.
1
[2] J.C. Houbolt, A study of several aerothermoelastic problems of aircraft structures in high-speed flight, ETH Zurich, 1958.
2
[3] V.V. Bolotin, Nonconservative problems of the theory of elastic stability, Macmillan, 1963.
3
[4] E.H. Dowell, Nonlinear oscillations of a fluttering plate, AIAA Journal, 4(7) (1966) 1267–1275.
4
[5] E.H. Dowell, Aeroelasticity of Plates and Shells, Noordhoff, in, Leyden, 1975.
5
[6] H.G. Schaeffer, W. L. Heard, Flutter of a flat panel subjected to nonlinear temperature distribution, AIAA Journal, 30(10) (1965) 1918-1923.
6
[7] S.G. Mcintosh, Theoretical considerations of some nonlinear aspects of hypersonic panel flutter, Final Report, NASA Grant NG, 05-020-102, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1970.
7
[8] S.C. Mcintosh, Effect of hypersonic nonlinear aerodynamic loading on panel flutter, AIAA Journal, 11(1) (1973) 29-32.
8
[9] F.E. Eastep, S.C. Mcintosh, Analysis of nonlinear panel flutter and response under random excitation or nonlinear aerodynamic loading, AIAA Journal, 9(3) (1971) 411-418.
9
[10] D.Y. Xue, C. Mei, Finite element nonlinear panel flutter with arbitrary temperatures in supersonic flow, AIAA Journal, 31(1) (1993) 154–62.
10
[11] D.Y. Xue, C. Mei, Finite element nonlinear flutter and fatigue life of two-dimensional panels with temperature effects, Journal of Aircraft, 30(6) (1993) 993-1000.
11
[12] T. Bein, P. Friedmann, X. Zhong, I. Nydick, Hypersonic flutter of a curved shallow panel with aerodynamic heating, AIAA Journal, (1993) 93-1318
12
[13] G. Cheng, C. Mei, Finite Element Modal Formulation for Hypersonic Panel Flutter Analysis with Thermal Effects, AIAA Journal, 42(4) (2004) 687-695.
13
[14] S.H. Pourtakdoust, S.A. Fazelzadeh, Nonlinear Aerothermoelastic Behavior of Skin Panel with Wall Shear Stress Effect, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 28 (2005) 147-169.
14
[15] A.J. Culler, J.J. McNamara, Studies on fluid–thermal–structural coupling for aerothermoelasticity in hypersonic flow, AIAA Journal, 48(8) (2010) 1721-1738.
15
[16] A.J. Culler, J.J. McNamara, Impact of fluid-thermal-structural coupling on response prediction of hypersonic skin panels, AIAA Journal, 49(11) (2011) 2393-2406.
16
[17] P.Prakash, M. Ganapathi, Supersonic flutter characteristics of functionally graded flat panels Including thermal effects, Composite Structures, 13 (2006) 257-264.
17
[18] H.-S. Shen, Thermal post-buckling behavior of shear deformable FGM plates with temperature-dependent properties, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 49(4) (2007) 466-478.
18
[19] K.-J. Sohn, J.-H. Kim, Structural stability of functionally graded panels subjected to aero-thermal loads, Composite Structures, 82 (2008) 317-25.
19
[20] K.-J. Sohn, J.-H. Kim, Nonlinear thermal flutter of functionally graded panels under a supersonic flow, Composite Structure, 88 (2009) 380-87.
20
[21] S. A. Fazelzadeh, M. Hosseini, H. Madani, Thermal Divergence of Supersonic Functionally Graded Plates, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 34 (8) (2011) 759-777.
21
[22] M. Hoseini, S. A. Fazelzadeh, P. Marzocca, Chaotic and Bifurcation Dynamic Behavior of Functionally Graded Curved Panels Under Aero-Thermal Loads, IJBC-D International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 21 (2011) 931-954.
22
[23] P. Marzocca, S.A. Fazelzadeh, M. Hosseini, A review of nonlinear aero-thermo-elasticity of functionally graded panels, Journal of Thermal Stresses, 34 (5 & 6) (2011) 536-568.
23
[24] H.M. Navazi, H. Haddadpour, Nonlinear aero-thermoelastic analysis of homogeneous and functionally graded plates in supersonic airflow using coupled models, Composite Structures, 93 (2011) 2554-65.
24
[25] A.H. Sofiyev, Buckling analysis of freely-supported functionally graded truncated conical shells under external pressures, Composite Structures, (132) (2015) 746-758.
25
[26] A.H. Sofiyev, On the vibration and stability of shear deformable FGM truncated conical shells subjected to an axial load, Composites Part B Engineering, (80) (2015 ) 53-62.
26
[27] M.R. Amoozgar, H. Shahverdi, Analysis of nonlinear fully intrinsic equations of geometrically exact beams using generalized differential quadrature method, Acta Mech, 227(5) (2016) 1265-1277.
27
[28] R.E. Bellman, J. Casti, Differential quadrature and long-term integration, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 34 (1971) 235-238.
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[29] C.W. Bert, S.K. Jang, A.G. Striz, Two new approximate methods for analyzing free vibration of structural components, AIAA Journal, 26 (1988) 612-618.
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[31] C.W. Bert, S.K. Jang, A.G. Striz, Nonlinear bending analysis of orthotropic rectangular plates by the method of differential quadrature, Computational Mechanics, 5 (1989) 217-226.
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[32] C. Shu, B.E. Richards, Application of generalized differential quadrature to solve two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stoaks equations, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 15 (1992) 791-798.
32
[33] C. Shu, C.M. Wang, Treatment of mixed and non-uniform boundary conditions in GDQ vibration analysis of rectangular plate, Engineering structures, 21 (1999) 125-134.
33
[34] S.A. Fazelzadeh, P. Malekzadeh, P. Zahedinejad, M. Hosseini, Vibration analysis of functionally graded thin-walled rotating blades under high-temperature supersonic gas flow using the DQM, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 306 (2007) 333–348.
34
[35] F. Tornabene, A. Liverani, G. Caligiana, FGM and laminated doubly curved shells and panels of revolution with a free-form meridian: A 2-D GDQ solution for free vibrations, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 53( 6) (2011) 446-470.
35
[36] F. Tornabene, N. Fantuzzi, M. Bacciocchi,The local GDQ method applied to general higher-order theories of doubly-curved laminated composite Shells and Panels: the Free Vibration Analysis, Composite Structures, 116(1) (2014) 637-660.
36
[37] F. Tornabene, N. Fantuzzi, E. Viola, R.C. Batra, Stress and strain recovery for functionally graded free-form and doubly-curved sandwich shells using higher-order equivalent single layer theory, Composite Structures, 119(1) (2015) 67-89.
37
[38] N. Fantuzzi, F. Tornabene, E. Viola, Four-parameter functionally graded cracked plates of arbitrary shape: A GDQFEM solution for free vibrations, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 23 (2016) 89-107
38
[39] F. Tornabene, N. Fantuzzi, F. Ubertini, E. Viola, Strong formulation finite element method based on differential quadrature: A survey, Applied Mechanics Reviews, 67(2) (2015) 1-55.
39
[40] H. Shahverdi, V. Khalafi, S. Noori, Aerothermoelastic analysis of functionally graded plates using generalized differential quadrature method, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 13 (2016) 797-819
40
[41] H. Shahverdi, V. Khalafi, 2016. Bifurcation analysis of FG curved panels under simultaneous aerodynamic and thermal loads in hypersonic flow, Composite Structures, 146 (2016) 84-94.
41
[42] B.A. Miller, J.J. McNamara, S.M. Spottswood, A.J. Culler, The impact of flow induced loads on snap-through behavior of acoustically excited, thermally buckled panels, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330 (2011) 5736-5752.
42
[43] D.-G. Zhang, Y.-H. Zhou, A theoretical analysis of FGM thin plates based on physical neutral surface, Computational Material Science, 44 (2008) 716-720.
43
[44] D.-G. Zhang, Nonlinear bending analysis of FGM beams based on physical neutral surface and high order shear deformation theory, Composite Structures, 100 (2013) 121-126.
44
[45] C. Shu, Differential Quadrature and It’s application in engineering, Springer-Verlag London Limited, London, 2000.
45
[46] S. Tomasiello, Differential quadrature method: Application to Initial-Boundary-Value Problems, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 218(4) (1998) 573-585.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nonlinear Free Transverse Vibration Analysis of Beams Using Variational Iteration Method
In this study, Variational Iteration Method is employed so as to investigate the linear and non-linear transverse vibration of Euler-Bernoulli beams. This method is a very powerful approach with a high convergence speed providing an analytical and semi-analytical solution to the linear equations and is able to be extended to present semi-analytical solution to the non-linear ones. In this method, firstly, Lagrange`s multiplier and Initial Function should be chosen. The suitable choice of these two elements would effectively affect the convergence speed. In this attempt, in addition to presenting a discussion on how to choose these two functions appropriately, the calculated frequencies in the non-linear state are compared with the available results in the literature, and the accuracy and convergence speed are studied, as well.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2761_eeabbf8d7ab63979fcd87fc36e566ba9.pdf
2018-12-01
233
242
10.22060/mej.2017.12332.5315
Variational iteration method
Linear and Nonlinear Transverse Vibration
Euler-Bernoulli beam
K.
Torabi
kvntrb@kashanu.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Sharifi
dsharifi24@yahoo.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ghassabi
masoodghassabi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Mohebbi
aminmohebbi_s@yahoo.com
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] J. He, Variational iteration method for delay differential equations, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulations, 2 (1997) 235-236.
1
[2] J.-H. He, Variational iteration method–a kind of non-linear analytical technique: some examples, International journal of non-linear mechanics, 34(4) (1999) 699-708.
2
[3] J.-H. He, Variational iteration method for autonomous ordinary differential systems, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 114(2-3) (2000) 115-123.
3
[4] J.-H. He, Variational iteration method—some recent results and new interpretations, Journal of computational and applied mathematics, 207(1) (2007) 3-17.
4
[5] S.-Q. Wang, J.-H. He, Variational iteration method for solving integro-differential equations, Physics Letters A, 367(3) (2007) 188-191.
5
[6] M. Dehghan, M. Tatari, The use of He's variational iteration method for solving a Fokker–Planck equation, Physica Scripta, 74(3) (2006) 310.
6
[7] S. Abbasbandy, A new application of He's variational iteration method for quadratic Riccati differential equation by using Adomian's polynomials, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 207(1) (2007) 59-63.
7
[8] M. Miansari, D. Ganji, M. Miansari, Application of He's variational iteration method to nonlinear heat transfer equations, Physics Letters A, 372(6) (2008) 779-785.
8
[9] H. Tari, D. Ganji, H. Babazadeh, The application of He's variational iteration method to nonlinear equations arising in heat transfer, Physics Letters A, 363(3) (2007) 213-217.
9
[10] M. Tatari, M. Dehghan, Solution of problems in calculus of variations via He's variational iteration method, Physics Letters A, 362(5-6) (2007) 401-406.
10
[11] J. Biazar, H. Ghazvini, He’s variational iteration method for fourth-order parabolic equations, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 54(7-8) (2007) 1047-1054.
11
[12] A. Hemeda, Variational iteration method for solving wave equation, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 56(8) (2008) 1948-1953.
12
[13] M.A. Noor, K.I. Noor, S.T. Mohyud-Din, Modified variational iteration technique for solving singular fourth-order parabolic partial differential equations, Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 71(12) (2009) e630-e640.
13
[14] Y. Liu, C.S. Gurram, The use of He’s variational iteration method for obtaining the free vibration of an Euler–Bernoulli beam, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 50(11-12) (2009) 1545-1552.
14
[15] J.-H. He, Variational approach for nonlinear oscillators, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 34(5) (2007) 1430-1439.
15
[16] J.-H. He, Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear oscillators, Physics Letters A, 374(23) (2010) 2312-2314.
16
[17] M. Baghani, M. Fattahi, A. Amjadian, Application of the variational iteration method for nonlinear free vibration of conservative oscillators, Scientia Iranica, 19(3) (2012) 513-518.
17
[18] Y.-J. Huang, H.-K. Liu, A new modification of the variational iteration method for van der Pol equations, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(16-17) (2013) 8118-8130.
18
[19] S.S. Siddiqi, M. Iftikhar, Variational iteration method for the solution of seventh order boundary value problems using He’s polynomials, Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 18(1) (2015) 60-65.
19
[20] H. Jafari, A comparison between the variational iteration method and the successive approximations method, Applied Mathematics Letters, 32 (2014) 1-5.
20
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determining a Suitable Location for Wind Turbines Using Inverse Solution and Mast Data in a Mountainous Terrain
Optimum design of a wind farm will ensure high output rated power and low operating costs. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum location to install a wind turbine in a mountainous terrain using computational fluid dynamics. This purpose is achieved by employing inverse method, with the objective of maximizing the efficiency of the turbines while minimizing loss expenses caused by placing them in a less optimum region. Boundary conditions are determined by steepest decent optimization method. 2-D mountain geometry alongside the mast data installed on the flat area are the references of evaluating the performance of the proposed method in this paper. Results indicated that in current turbulent flow, separation occurs in atmospheric boundary layer due to an adverse pressure gradient. Furthermore resultant pressure contours demonstrated that air flow pressure decreases over the hill and its minimum value is reported at the top of the hill, thus adverse pressure gradient happens in the back hill. Simulation results revealed a considerable difference among the power outputs of the same turbine installed at different points of the domain. Turbine performance in the initial installation point and in the point derived from the algorithm is then compared. The performance reported is nineteen times better in the new suggested location.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2954_ebfa13aad8b2c816c1d5b00c1c2e6e7e.pdf
2018-12-01
243
252
10.22060/ajme.2018.13813.5319
Wind turbine site selection
computational fluid dynamics
Inverse solution
optimization
Atmospheric boundary layer
A.H.
ZARE
amirmec7290@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Mehdipour
raminme56@gmail.com
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Mohammadi
efat_mohammadi16@yahoo.com
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] K. Kaygusuz, Wind energy: progress and potential, Energy sources, 26(2) (2004) 95-105.
1
[2] M. Ritter, L. Deckert, Site assessment, turbine selection, and local feed-in tariffs through the wind energy index, Applied Energy, 185 (2017) 1087-1099.
2
[3] P. Mittal, K. Mitra, Decomposition based multi-objective optimization to simultaneously determine the number and the optimum locations of wind turbines in a wind farm, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 50(1) (2017) 159-164.
3
[4] T. Burton, N. Jenkins, D. Sharpe, E. Bossanyi, Wind energy handbook, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
4
[5] H. Cetinay, F.A. Kuipers, A.N. Guven, Optimal siting and sizing of wind farms, Renewable Energy, 101 (2017) 51-58.
5
[6] S. Yan, S. Shi, X. Chen, X. Wang, L. Mao, X. Liu, Numerical simulations of flow interactions between steep hill terrain and large scale wind turbine, Energy, (2018).
6
[7] C.J. Desmond, S.J. Watson, P.E. Hancock, Modelling the wind energy resource in complex terrain and atmospheres. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel investigation of non-neutral forest canopy flow, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 166 (2017) 48-60.
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[8] A. Russell, Computational fluid dynamics modeling of atmospheric flow applied to wind energy research, (2009).
8
[9] H. Ertürk, O.A. Ezekoye, J.R. Howell, Boundary condition design to heat a moving object at uniform transient temperature using inverse formulation, Journal of manufacturing science and engineering, 126(3) (2004) 619-626.
9
[10] R. Mehdipour, A. Ashrafizadeh, K. Daun, C. Aghanajafi, Dynamic optimization of a radiation paint cure oven using the nominal cure point criterion, Drying Technology, 28(12) (2010) 1405-1415.
10
[11] R. Mehdipour, C. Aghanajafi, A. Ashrafizadeh, Optimal design of radiation paint cure ovens using a novel objective function, Pigment & Resin Technology, 41(4) (2012) 240-250.
11
[12] M.A. Mahmoud, A.E. Ben-Nakhi, Neural networks analysis of free laminar convection heat transfer in a partitioned enclosure, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 12(7) (2007) 1265-1276.
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[13] H. Ertürk, O.A. Ezekoye, J.R. Howell, The Use of Inverse Formulation in Design and Control of Transient Radiant Systems, in: Proceedings of International Heat Transfer Conference, Grenoble, France, 2002.
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[15] J. Xiao, J. Li, Q. Xu, Y. Huang, H.H. Lou, ACS–based dynamic optimization for curing of polymeric coating, AIChE journal, 52(4) (2006) 1410-1422.
15
[16] A. Ashrafizadeh, R. Mehdipour, C. Aghanajafi, A hybrid optimization algorithm for the thermal design of radiant paint cure ovens, Applied Thermal Engineering, 40 (2012) 56-63.
16
[17] H.G. Kim, C.M. Lee, H.C. Lim, N.H. Kyong, An experimental and numerical study on the flow over two-dimensional hills, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 66(1) (1997) 17-33.
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[22] Z. Liu, T. Ishihara, T. Tanaka, X. He, LES study of turbulent flow fields over a smooth 3-D hill and a smooth 2-D ridge, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 153 (2016) 1-12.
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[28] Z. Baniamerian, R. Mehdipour, Studying Effects of Fence and Sheltering on the Aerodynamic Forces Experienced by Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 139(3) (2017) 031103.
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thermodynamic Analysis and Feasibility Study of Internal Combustion Engine Waste Heat Recovery to Run its Refrigeration System
Automobiles refrigeration systems are mainly vapor compression refrigeration systems, and they use high power which is taken directly from the engine. The use of these systems will increase fuel consumption, and this fuel consumption will increase up to 15%. By considering the importance of fuel saving, optimum use of fuel will be necessary. One of the effective ways, is the waste heat recovery from the engine exhaust gas. The purpose of this study is the thermodynamic analysis of a new cogeneration system based on internal combustion engine. In fact, the system will generate power using heat recovery from exhaust the engine, and then the power will be used to run the refrigeration system. The system is used in the actual operating modes of gasoline and diesel engines. Different refrigerants are used in the system. Results show that the system can generate required refrigeration capacities of both automobiles and buses. Furthermore, additional refrigeration capacities will also be available. R245fa and R600 refrigerants have better performances in the system. Maximum refrigeration capacity generated by the system is 20 kW when using gasoline engine exhaust gases waste heat recovery, and 130 kW when using diesel engine exhaust gases waste heat recovery.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2889_805b63f476b28ca972fc9eb7cc0ec06d.pdf
2018-12-01
253
262
10.22060/ajme.2018.13885.5694
Engine waste heat recovery
Exhaust gas
Exergy analysis
Refrigeration capacity
Coefficient of performance
T.
Ghorbani
tghorbani21@gmail.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Yari
myari@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Mohammadkhani
f.mohammadkhani@tabrizu.ac.ir
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] G. Vicatos, J. Gryzagoridis, S.J.J.o.E.i.S.A. Wang, A car air-conditioning system based on an absorption refrigeration cycle using energy from exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 19(4) (2008) 6-11.
1
[2] H.A. Daanen, E. Van De Vliert, X.J.A.e. Huang, Driving performance in cold, warm, and thermoneutral environments. Applied Ergonomics, 34(6) (2003) 597-602.
2
[3] A.J.E. Yılmaz, Transcritical organic Rankine vapor compression refrigeration system for intercity bus air-conditioning using engine exhaust heat. Energy, 82 (2015) 1047-1056.
3
[4] A.B. Little, S.J.E. Garimella, Comparative assessment of alternative cycles for waste heat recovery and upgrade. Energy, 36(7) (2011) 4492-4504.
4
[5] H. Wang, R. Peterson, K. Harada, E. Miller, R. Ingram-Goble, L. Fisher, J. Yih, C.J.E. Ward, Performance of a combined organic Rankine cycle and vapor compression cycle for heat activated cooling. Energy, 36(1) (2011) 447-458.
5
[6] H. Wang, R. Peterson, T.J.E. Herron, Design study of configurations on system COP for a combined ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and VCC (vapor compression cycle). Energy, 36(8) (2011) 4809-4820.
6
[7] J. Jeong, Y.T.J.I.j.o.r. Kang, Analysis of a refrigeration cycle driven by refrigerant steam turbine. International Journal of Refrigeration, 27(1) (2004) 33-41.
7
[8] H. Li, X. Bu, L. Wang, Z. Long, Y.J.E. Lian, buildings, Hydrocarbon working fluids for a Rankine cycle powered vapor compression refrigeration system using low-grade thermal energy. Energy and Buildings, 65 (2013) 167-172.
8
[9] T. Wang, Y. Zhang, Z. Peng, G.J.R. Shu, s.e. reviews, A review of researches on thermal exhaust heat recovery with Rankine cycle. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(6) (2011) 2862-2871.
9
[10] G. Yu, G. Shu, H. Tian, H. Wei, L.J.E. Liu, Simulation and thermodynamic analysis of a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) of diesel engine (DE). Energy, 51 (2013) 281-290.
10
[11] F. Salek, A.N. Moghaddam, M.M.J.E.C. Naserian, Management, Thermodynamic analysis of diesel engine coupled with ORC and absorption refrigeration cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 140 (2017) 240-246.
11
[12] F. Velez, J.J. Segovia, M.C. Martín, G. Antolin, F. Chejne, A.J.F.P.T. Quijano, Comparative study of working fluids for a Rankine cycle operating at low temperature. Fuel Processing Technology, 103 (2012) 71-77.
12
[13] B.F. Tchanche, G. Lambrinos, A. Frangoudakis, G.J.R. Papadakis, S.E. Reviews, Low-grade heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles–A review of various applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8) (2011) 3963-3979.
13
[14] G. Shu, L. Liu, H. Tian, H. Wei, G.J.A.E. Yu, Parametric and working fluid analysis of a dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (DORC) used in engine waste heat recovery. Applied Energy, 113 (2014) 1188-1198.
14
[15] S. Daviran, A. Kasaeian, S. Golzari, O. Mahian, S. Nasirivatan, S.J.A.T.E. Wongwises, A comparative study on the performance of HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a as an alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.
15
Applied Thermal Engineering, 110 (2017) 1091-1100.
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[16] D. Gewald, K. Siokos, S. Karellas, H.J.R. Spliethoff, S.E. Reviews, Waste heat recovery from a landfill gas-fired power plant. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(4) (2012) 1779-1789.
17
[17] H.C. Bayrakçi, A.E.J.I.J.o.E.R. Özgür, Energy and exergy analysis of vapor compression refrigeration system using pure hydrocarbon refrigerants. International Journal of Energy Research, 33(12) (2009) 1070-1075.
18
[18] J.U. Ahamed, R. Saidur, H.H. Masjuki, M.J.I.j.o.G.e. Sattar, An analysis of energy, exergy, and sustainable development of a vapor compression refrigeration system using hydrocarbon. International Journal of Green Energy, 9(7) (2012) 702-717.
19
[19] Y. Chang, M. Kim, S.J.I.j.o.r. Ro, Performance and heat transfer characteristics of hydrocarbon refrigerants in a heat pump system. International Journal of Refrigeration, 23(3) (2000) 232-242.
20
[20] A. Schuster, S. Karellas, E. Kakaras, H.J.A.t.e. Spliethoff, Energetic and economic investigation of Organic Rankine Cycle applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(8-9) (2009) 1809-1817.
21
[21] Y.A. Cengel, M.A. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2006.
22
[22] J. P.Holman, Heat Transfer, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2010.
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[23] Automobile and Mass Transport ASHRAE handbook-HVAC applications, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, 2007.
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[24] R.C. Arora, Refrigeration and air conditioning, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
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[25] R. Mastrullo, A.W. Mauro, R. Revellin, L.J.E.C. Viscito, Management, Modeling and optimization of a shell and louvered fin mini-tubes heat exchanger in an ORC powered by an internal combustion engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 101 (2015) 697-712.
26
[26] S.S. de la Fuente, D. Roberge, A.R.J.M.P. Greig, Safety and CO2 emissions: Implications of using organic fluids in a ship’s waste heat recovery system. Marine Policy, 75 (2017) 191-203.
27
[27] B.E. Poling, J.M. Prausnitz, J.P. O’connell, The properties of gases and liquids, Mcgraw-hill New York, 2001.
28
[28] E.F. Kreith, Moran, MJ, Tsatsaronis, G., Engineering Thermodynamics. The CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering. Ed. Frank Kreith Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000, (2000).
29
[29] I. Dincer, M.A. Rosen, Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development, Elsevier, New York, 2012.
30
[30] M. Kanoglu, A. Ayanoglu, A.J.E. Abusoglu, Exergoeconomic assessment of a geothermal assisted high temperature steam electrolysis system. Energy, 36(7) (2011) 4422-4433.
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[31] M. Yari, S.J.A.T.E. Mahmoudi, Utilization of waste heat from GT-MHR for power generation in organic Rankine cycles. Applied Thermal Engineering, 30(4) (2010) 366-375.
32
[32] http://www.sanden.com/objects/SD6V12_Performance.pdf
33
[33] https://www.webasto.com/fileadmin/webasto_files/documents/international/hd/catalogues/heavy-duty-air-conditioning-accessories-catalog.pdf.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Waste Heat from Exhaust Gases of an Iron Ore Pelletizing Plant in Iran
Waste heat from the exhaust gases of Golgohar iron ore pelletizing Plant, in Sirjan, Iran, was studied using energy analysis based on input data extracted from measurements in a 5-month period. Constituents considered as inputs were fresh air, natural gas, green and indurated pellets, while the exhaust flue gas and hot indurated pellets were served as the output. Contribution of each part to energy production and/or consumption was separately determined, in addition to the energy produced from burning of natural gas and pyrite and magnetite oxidation to hematite. Special consideration was devoted to the energy leaving the furnace through exhaust flue gases as the main source of waste heat in addition to the latent heat of water vapor, the energy stored in materials such as indurated pellets, rail pallets and cooling water, and radiation from the furnace body. It was observed that the dominant portion of waste heat is in the form of thermal energy carried by flue gases generated from combustion which are released into the atmosphere. The present study can be considered as a case study for a specific plant which gives insights on how to handle and analysis the waste heat recovery of such plans in general.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_3003_769ffdc827f12b6c496d4aca403ab4e2.pdf
2018-12-01
263
276
10.22060/ajme.2018.14151.5707
Green pellet
energy analysis
flue gas
induration furnace
indurated pellet
S.
Goodarzi
goodarzisina@yahoo.com
1
Department of Energy, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Jahanshahi Javaran
e.jahanshahi@kgut.ac.ir
2
Department of Energy, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Rahnama
rahnama@uk.ac.ir
3
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ahmadi
ahmadi_mr@golgohar.com
4
Golgohar Iron Ore and Steel Research Institute, Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company, Sirjan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] S. Brückner, S. Liu, L. Miró, M. Radspieler, L. F. Cabeza, E. Lävemann, Industrial waste heat recovery technologies: an economic analysis of heat transformation technologies, Applied Energy, 151 (2015) 157-167.
1
[2] S. Brueckner, L. Miró, L. F. Cabeza, M. Pehnt, E. Laevemann, Methods to estimate the industrial waste heat potential of regions–A categorization and literature review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38 (2014) 164-71.
2
[3] F. Vitoretti, J. A. De Castro, Study of the induration phenomena in single pellet to traveling grate furnace, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2 (2013) 315-322.
3
[4] S. Majumder, P. V. Natekar, V. Runkana, Virtual indurator: A tool for simulation of induration of wet iron ore pellets on a moving grate, Computers and Chemical Engineering, 33 (2009) 1141-1152.
4
[5] M. Barati, Dynamic simulation of pellet induration process in straight-grate system, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 89 (2008) 30-39.
5
[6] J. x. Feng, Y. Zhang, H. w. Zheng, J. h. Xu, Y. m. Zhang, J. b. Yang, Optimization of pellet production process parameters in grate using simulation results, Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science), 16 (2011) 219-223.
6
[7] S. Nordgren, J. Dahl, C. Wang, B. Lindblom, Process integration in an iron ore upgrading process system: analysis of mass and energy flows within a straight grate induration furnace, 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, (2008).
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[8] S. Sadrnezhaad, A. Ferdowsi, H. Payab, Mathematical model for a straight grate iron ore pellet induration process of industrial scale, Computational Materials Science, 44 (2008) 296-302.
8
[9] J. Feng, Y. Zhang, H. Zheng, X. Xie, C. Zhang, Drying and preheating processes of iron ore pellets in a traveling grate, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 17 (2010) 535-40.
9
[10] Process Equipment List pelletizing Plant 5.0 Million ton per day, (2006) 1- 403.
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[11] Pelletizing Plant 5.0 Million ton per day Operating Manual, (2006) 1- 196.
11
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14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling and Analysis of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Solar Cavity-Receiver Power Generator
In the present paper, a cavity configuration for the hybrid photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator is proposed and investigated theoretically. The cubical cavity-receiver is packed with five photovoltaic modules and four thermoelectric generator modules which are stacked at the backside of each photovoltaic module. The solution algorithm using the equations of heat transfer and generated power of photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator modules is developed via MATLAB and simulated under various irradiation levels. It is shown that under 1000 W/m2 irradiation, the hybrid system can produce 536 mW which is 2.4 times the photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator alone. After modeling the system with fully open aperture, the cavity with a small aperture modeled to investigate the opening size effect on the hybrid system under non-concentrating irradiation. The results show the efficiency improvement of 27% by applying small aperture in the opening of the cavity. Although the efficiency is increased by decreasing the aperture size, the total generated power for the wide aperture is larger than the generated power in the cavity with a smaller aperture due to more radiation absorption. By balancing between minimum re-radiation loss and maximum irradiation absorption for the cubic cavity, one can conclude that the optimum aperture opening area is 42.7% of cavity surface area.
https://ajme.aut.ac.ir/article_2983_3df3afe4044846abebd9eb109a53e5f9.pdf
2018-12-01
277
288
10.22060/ajme.2018.14018.5698
Photovoltaic-thermoelectric
hybrid system
solar cavity receiver, overall efficiency
aperture size effect
O.
Farhangian Marandi
omid.farhangian@gmail.com
1
Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ameri
ameri_m@yahoo.com
2
Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Adelshahian
bhrz.adl@gmail.com
3
Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] A.A.J. Muto, Thermoelectric device characterization and solar thermoelectric system modeling, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, 2011.
1
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